DL-Isocitric acid trisodium salt is the protonated form of isocitrate a substrate in the citric acid cycle. It is useful as a marker for determining the composition of isocitrates in fruit products including fruit juices.

3’-Deoxythymidine inhibits the ability of bacteriophage T7 to infect Escherichia coli by inhibiting phage DNA synthesis. Also, it is a precursor of DNA polymerase β inhibitor.

Lactitol monohydrate is a disaccharide analogue of lactulose.